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小学英语语法总结(1)

admin 小学英语 2021-04-23 13:41:23 小学英语   语法   总结   小学英语   语法   总结   人称   代词   主格

 

  小学英语语法总结
  1.人称代词
  主格: I, we, you, she, he, it ,they
  宾格: me, us, you, her, him, it, them
  形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, her, his, its, their
  名词性物主代词: mine, ours, yours ,hers ,his, its, theirs
  2.形容词和副词的比较级
  (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
  older, taller ,longer ,stronger, etc
  (2) 多音节词前+more
  more interesting, etc.
  (3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er
  bigger, fatter, etc.
  (4) 把y变i,再+er
  heavier, earlier, etc.
  (5) 不规则变化:
  well-better, much/many-more, etc.
  3.可数词的复数形式
  大多数名词+ s : a book –books
  以辅音y结尾的名词, y变i加es: a story—stories
  以 s, sh, ch 或 x 结尾的名词,加 es :a glass—glasses; a watch-watches
  以o 结尾的名词,加s 或es: a piano—pianos ;a mango—mangoes
  以f 或 fe 结尾的名词,将f 或 fe 变为ves: a knife –knives ;a shelf-shelves
  4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
  bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
  5. 缩略形式
  I’m = I am ;you’re = you are ;she’s = she is ;he’s = he is;
  it’s = it is ;who’s =who is ;can’t =can not; isn’t=is not ,etc
  6. a/an
  a book, a peach
  an egg, an hour
  7. Preposition(介词)
  表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind
  表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast,on Monday ,on 15th July ,
  on National Day, in the evening, in December, in winter
  8. 基数词和序数词
  one – first; two-second ;twenty-twentieth
  9. Some /any(一般情况下陈述句中用some;疑问句和否定句中用any)
  I have some toys in my bedroom.
  Do you have any brothers or sisters?
  10. be 动词
  (1) 基本形式: am/are/is
  (2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
   My eyes are(not) small.
  My hair is(not) long.
  (3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
  Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
   Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
  11. there be 结构
  肯定句: There is a (an)…
  There are …
  一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
   Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
  否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….
  12. 祈使句
  Sit down please
  Don’t sit down, please.
  13. 现在进行时.(通常用“now”)
  形式: be + 动词 的ing形式
  eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
  You/We/They are(not) reading.
  He/She/It is(not) eating.
  动词 —ing 的形式
  大多数动词直接加ing: walk—walking
  以 e结尾的动词,去e 加ing: come—coming (see除外,seeing)
  以元音加辅音结尾的动词,双写后面的辅音,再加ing:run –running ; swim—swimming
  14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
  肯定句:
  I go to school on foot every day.
  She usually goes to school on foot.
  一般疑问句:
  Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
  Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
  否定句:
  We don’t go to school on Sundays.
  My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.
  15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。
  eg:
  1. I / He / She / They can sing.
  2.You should keep quiet in the library.
  16. 一般过去时态
  (a) be 动词的过去式:
  I/He/she/it was(not)….
  You/we/they were….
  一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。
  (b) 动词过去式:
  肯定句: I watched cartoons.
   She visited the zoo.
  一般疑问句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
  Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t.
  否定句: They didn’t go the the part yesterday.
   He didn’t make model ships last week.
  (3)动词过去式的变化:
  规则动词的变化:
  大多数动词,直接加ed: eg. planted,watered,climbed
  以e结尾的动词加d :eg. liked
  以辅音 y 结尾的动词,y变i,加ed :eg : study—studied
  元音加辅音结尾的动词,双写辅音加ed: eg: stop –stopped
  不规则动词的变化:
  is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/
  eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等
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