Centos下Oracle11gR2安装教程与自动化配置脚本的方法
系统环境准备
开发组件与依赖库安装
安装centos时选择Server with GUI，右面的可以不勾选，后面统一来装
配置本地yum源
以上包如果缺乏可配置本地yum源进行安装
sudo mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo vim /etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ cat cdrom.repo [c7-media] name=isofile baseurl=file:///mnt enable=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo-bak [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Media.repo-bak [galen@localhost yum.repos.d]$ sudo mv cdrom.repo CentOS-Media.repo
配置好yum源后开始安装依赖库，如下
yum install glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++
关闭防火墙
[galen@localhost ~]$ systemctl stop firewalld.service [galen@localhost ~]$ systemctl disable firewalld.service Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
关闭selinux
编辑/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件，保存退出后执行 setenforce 0命令
vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled #SELINUXTYPE=targeted #注释掉
创建oracle用户、修改系统参数
创oracle建用户和组
[root@localhost galen]# groupadd oinstall [root@localhost galen]# groupadd dba [root@localhost galen]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle [root@localhost galen]# passwd oracle [root@localhost galen]# id oracle uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
系统参数设置
官方推荐值：
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 #推荐超过一半的物理内存 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
通过 /sbin/sysctl -a |grep xxx 查看系统各参数，如果大于官方推荐值不修改，如果小于官方推荐值则修改为官方推荐值，写入/etc/sysctl.conf文件中，使用sysctl -p使其生效，示例如下
[root@localhost etc]# cat sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
修改资源限制如下
[root@localhost etc]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2048 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240
添加以下内容到/etc/pam.d/login
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login session required pam_limits.so
添加以下内容到/etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/profile if [[ $USER = "oracle" ]]; then if [[ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi
保存后执行source /etc/profile生效
配置oracle用户环境变量，在/home/oracle/.bash_profile中加入如下内容
[root@localhost ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH export LANG="en_US.UTF-8" export NLS_LANG=american_AMERICA.UTF8 export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
创建oracle安装目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app chmod -R 775 /u01/app
安装oracle 11g
挂载oracle11g安装包iso（也可以通过其他方式将oracle安装包传到主机），将安装文件复制到oracle home目录下，修改文件权限给oracle用户
[root@localhost /]# mkdir /mnt/oracle11g [root@localhost /]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/oracle11g/ [root@localhost /]# cp -r /mnt/oracle11g /home/oracle/ # 复制到oracle home目录下并修改权限 [root@localhost oracle]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oracle11g/ [root@localhost oracle]# chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oracle11g/
接下来使用oracle用户登录桌面
执行./runInstaller开始安装，Centos 7安装的时候错误弹框有时候会变成一条竖线，安装无法进行下去，所以运行时执行
./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0
每项操作如下
[Configure Security Updates] 取消勾选 I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support，Next
[Installation Option] Install database software only，Next
[Grid Options] Next
[Product Languages] Next
[Enterprise Edition] Next
[Installation Location] Next
[Create Inventory] Next
[Operating System Groups] Next
[Prerequisite Checks] Next
[Summary] Finish，开始安装oracle 11g
安装到84%的时候可能会出现ins_ctx.mk相关的错误，如下
修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk文件
# 源文件
ctxhx: $(CTXHXOBJ)
$(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK)
# 修改为
ctxhx: $(CTXHXOBJ)
-static $(LINK_CTXHX) $(CTXHXOBJ) $(INSO_LINK) /usr/lib64/stdc.a
修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk文件
# 源文件
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)
# 修改为
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
retry继续安装到94%时，弹出
使用root用户ssh到主机到上述目录分别执行orainstRoot.sh与root.sh，执行root.sh时根据提示填入路径
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin，执行完成后到UI点击OK，安装完成
环境配置脚本
- 使用root用户登录
- 确保系统iso驱动器已连接（/dev/cdrom可mount）
- 复制脚本到主机并给予可执行权限，执行脚本完成后即可开始安装oracle 11g
oracle 11g环境配置脚本
#!/bin/bash
# 配置yum源为本地iso
function set_yum_media() {
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
for repo_file in `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep -v Media`
do
new_file=$repo_file.bak
mv $repo_file $new_file
done
mkdir -p /mnt/media-dir
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/media-dir
sed -i -e 's/baseurl=file:\/\/\/.*/baseurl=file:\/\/\/mnt\/media-dir\//g' -e 's/enabled=0/enabled=1/g' `ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ | grep Media`
cd -
rm -rf /var/run/yum.pid
yum -y update
}
function install_packages() {
for package in glibc glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pdksh compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++
do
yum -y install $package
done
}
function create_oracle_user() {
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# 设置oracle用户密码为oracle
echo oracle|passwd --stdin oracle
}
function set_system_parm() {
sed -i '$a\fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\fs.file-max = 6815744' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\kernel.shmall = 2097152' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\kernel.shmmax = 536870912' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\kernel.shmmni = 4096' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.core.rmem_default = 262144' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.core.wmem_default = 262144' /etc/sysctl.conf
sed -i '$a\net.core.wmem_max = 1048586' /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
}
function set_system_limit_parm() {
sed -i '$a\oracle soft nproc 2048' /etc/security/limits.conf
sed -i '$a\oracle hard nproc 16384' /etc/security/limits.conf
sed -i '$a\oracle soft nofile 1024' /etc/security/limits.conf
sed -i '$a\oracle hard nofile 65536' /etc/security/limits.conf
sed -i '$a\oracle soft stack 10240' /etc/security/limits.conf
}
function set_profile_parm() {
sed -i '$a\session required pam_limits.so' /etc/pam.d/login
sed -i '$a\if [[ $USER = "oracle" ]]; then' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ if [[ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]]; then' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ ulimit -p 16384' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ ulimit -n 65536' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ else' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\ fi' /etc/profile
sed -i '$a\fi' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
}
function set_oracle_env() {
sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export ORACLE_SID=orcl' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export NLS_LANG=american_AMERICA.UTF8' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
sed -i '$a\export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"' /home/oracle/.bash_profile
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
}
function create_oracle_dir() {
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
}
function disable_firewall() {
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/sysconfig/selinux
setenforce 0
}
if [ `whoami` == "root" ]
then
set_yum_media
install_packages
create_oracle_user
echo "set system parm"
set_system_parm
echo "set limits"
set_system_limit_parm
echo "set /etc/profile"
set_profile_parm
echo "set oracle env"
set_oracle_env
echo "create oracle dir"
create_oracle_dir
echo "disable firwall"
disable_firewall
fi
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