postgresql查看表和索引的情况,判断是否膨胀的操作

索引膨胀的几个来源：

1 大量删除发生后，导致索引页面稀疏，降低了索引使用效率。

2 PostgresQL 9.0之前的版本，vacuum full 会同样导致索引页面稀疏。

3 长时间运行的事务，禁止vacuum对表的清理工作，因而导致页面稀疏状态一直保持。

查看重复索引

SELECT pg_size_pretty(SUM(pg_relation_size(idx))::BIGINT) AS SIZE,
  (array_agg(idx))[1] AS idx1, (array_agg(idx))[2] AS idx2,
  (array_agg(idx))[3] AS idx3, (array_agg(idx))[4] AS idx4
FROM (
 SELECT indexrelid::regclass AS idx, (indrelid::text ||E'\n'|| indclass::text ||E'\n'|| indkey::text ||E'\n'||
           COALESCE(indexprs::text,'')||E'\n' || COALESCE(indpred::text,'')) AS KEY
 FROM pg_index) sub
GROUP BY KEY HAVING COUNT(*)>1
ORDER BY SUM(pg_relation_size(idx)) DESC;

表的大小和表中索引个数

SELECT
 t.tablename,
 indexname,
 c.reltuples AS num_rows,
 pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(quote_ident(t.tablename)::text)) AS table_size,
 pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(quote_ident(indexrelname)::text)) AS index_size,
 CASE WHEN indisunique THEN 'Y'
  ELSE 'N'
 END AS UNIQUE,
 idx_scan AS number_of_scans,
 idx_tup_read AS tuples_read,
 idx_tup_fetch AS tuples_fetched
FROM pg_tables t
LEFT OUTER JOIN pg_class c ON t.tablename=c.relname
LEFT OUTER JOIN
 ( SELECT c.relname AS ctablename, ipg.relname AS indexname, x.indnatts AS number_of_columns, idx_scan, idx_tup_read, idx_tup_fetch, indexrelname, indisunique FROM pg_index x
   JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = x.indrelid
   JOIN pg_class ipg ON ipg.oid = x.indexrelid
   JOIN pg_stat_all_indexes psai ON x.indexrelid = psai.indexrelid )
 AS foo
 ON t.tablename = foo.ctablename
WHERE t.schemaname='public'
ORDER BY 1,2;

获取每个表的行数，索引和一些关于这些索引的信息（比较详细）

SELECT
 pg_class.relname,
 pg_size_pretty(pg_class.reltuples::BIGINT) AS rows_in_bytes,
 pg_class.reltuples AS num_rows,
 COUNT(indexname) AS number_of_indexes,
 CASE WHEN x.is_unique = 1 THEN 'Y'
  ELSE 'N'
 END AS UNIQUE,
 SUM(CASE WHEN number_of_columns = 1 THEN 1
    ELSE 0
   END) AS single_column,
 SUM(CASE WHEN number_of_columns IS NULL THEN 0
    WHEN number_of_columns = 1 THEN 0
    ELSE 1
   END) AS multi_column
FROM pg_namespace 
LEFT OUTER JOIN pg_class ON pg_namespace.oid = pg_class.relnamespace
LEFT OUTER JOIN
  (SELECT indrelid,
   MAX(CAST(indisunique AS INTEGER)) AS is_unique
  FROM pg_index
  GROUP BY indrelid) x
  ON pg_class.oid = x.indrelid
LEFT OUTER JOIN
 ( SELECT c.relname AS ctablename, ipg.relname AS indexname, x.indnatts AS number_of_columns FROM pg_index x
   JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = x.indrelid
   JOIN pg_class ipg ON ipg.oid = x.indexrelid )
 AS foo
 ON pg_class.relname = foo.ctablename
WHERE 
  pg_namespace.nspname='public'
AND pg_class.relkind = 'r'
GROUP BY pg_class.relname, pg_class.reltuples, x.is_unique
ORDER BY 2;

补充：postgresql查看表膨胀

查看表膨胀（对所有表产进行膨胀率排序）

SQL文如下：

SELECT
 schemaname||'.'||relname as table_name,
 pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size(schemaname||'.'||relname)) as table_size,
 n_dead_tup,
 n_live_tup,
 round(n_dead_tup * 100 / (n_live_tup + n_dead_tup),2) AS dead_tup_ratio
FROM
 pg_stat_all_tables
WHERE
 n_dead_tup >= 1000
ORDER BY dead_tup_ratio DESC
LIMIT 10;

以上为个人经验，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持潘少俊衡。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方，望不吝赐教。