mysql5.6主从搭建以及不同步问题详解
目录
系统：centos6.6
主：192.168.142.129 mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz
从：192.168.142.130 192.168.142.131 mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz
一、mysql主从复制原理
(1) master将改变记录到二进制日志(binary log)中；
(2) slave将master的binary log events拷贝到它的中继日志(relay log)；slave的I/O线程从master的二进制日志中读取事件并写入中继日志；
(3) slave重做中继日志中的事件，将改变反映它自己的数据。slave的SQL线程从中继日志读取事件，并在本地重放其中的事件，使其与master中的数据一致。
mysql主从实现的步骤：
1、使用mysqldump 命令备份数据库，
2、查看主节点二进制的位置点
3、创建备份用户，并授权(replication client.replication slave)
4、从服务器修改server-id，必须与主mysql的server-id不同，开启中继日子，关闭二进制日子
5、从数据库，倒入数据，并使用授权用户，连接主mysql
6、start slave
SQL语言共分为以下几大类：查询语言DQL，控制语言DCL，操纵语言DML，定义语言DDL。事务控制TCL.
DQL（Data QUERY Languages）语句：即数据库定义语句，用来查询SELECT子句，FROM子句，WHERE子句组成的查询块，比如：select–from–where–grouop by–having–order by–limit
DDL（Data Definition Languages）语句：即数据库定义语句，用来创建数据库中的表、索引、视图、存储过程、触发器等，常用的语句关键字有CREATE,ALTER,DROP,TRUNCATE,COMMENT,RENAME。增删改表的结构
DML（Data Manipulation Language）语句：即数据操纵语句，用来查询、添加、更新、删除等，常用的语句关键字有：SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,MERGE,CALL,EXPLAIN PLAN,LOCK TABLE,包括通用性的增删改查。增删改表的数据
DCL（Data Control Language）语句：即数据控制语句，用于授权/撤销数据库及其字段的权限（DCL is short name of Data Control Language which includes commands such as GRANT and mostly concerned with rights, permissions and other controls of the database system.）。常用的语句关键字有：GRANT,REVOKE。
TCL（Transaction Control Language）语句：事务控制语句，用于控制事务，常用的语句关键字有：COMMIT,ROLLBACK,SAVEPOINT,SET TRANSACTION。
二、mysql编译安装
#!/bin/bash
yum -y install make gcc gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel gd cmake ncurses ncurses-devel
id -u mysql
if [ `echo $?` -ne 0 ];
then
groupadd mysql
useradd -M -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
fi
if [ ! -d "/usr/local/mysql" ];
then
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
fi
mkdir -p /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
cd /home/soft/ #软件存放目录
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.30.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.6.30
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DINSTALL_MANDIR=/usr/share/man -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
make && make install
chown -R mysql:mysql .
chmod +x scripts/mysql_install_db
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
cat> /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld <<'EOF' #mysql启动脚本
#!/bin/sh
# Copyright Abandoned 1996 TCX DataKonsult AB & Monty Program KB & Detron HB
# This file is public domain and comes with NO WARRANTY of any kind
# MySQL daemon start/stop script.
# Usually this is put in /etc/init.d (at least on machines SYSV R4 based
# systems) and linked to /etc/rc3.d/S99mysql and /etc/rc0.d/K01mysql.
# When this is done the mysql server will be started when the machine is
# started and shut down when the systems goes down.
# Comments to support chkconfig on RedHat Linux
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: A very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
# Comments to support LSB init script conventions
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Should-Start: ypbind nscd ldap ntpd xntpd
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: start and stop MySQL
# Description: MySQL is a very fast and reliable SQL database engine.
### END INIT INFO
# If you install MySQL on some other places than /usr/local/mysql, then you
# have to do one of the following things for this script to work:
#
# - Run this script from within the MySQL installation directory
# - Create a /etc/my.cnf file with the following information:
# [mysqld]
# basedir=
# - Add the above to any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)
# and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin
# - Add the path to the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable
# below.
#
# If you want to affect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes
# in the /etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.
# If you change base dir, you must also change datadir. These may get
# overwritten by settings in the MySQL configuration files.
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
# Default value, in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting
# for server start.
# Value here is overriden by value in my.cnf.
# 0 means don't wait at all
# Negative numbers mean to wait indefinitely
service_startup_timeout=900
# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"
# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.
# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/data/mysql/data
fi
sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
#
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
. $lsb_functions
else
log_success_msg()
{
echo " SUCCESS! $@"
}
log_failure_msg()
{
echo " ERROR! $@"
}
fi
PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATH
mode=$1 # start or stop
[ $# -ge 1 ] && shift
other_args="$*" # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
# Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
# They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
# of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.
case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
*c*,-n*) echo_n= echo_c= ;;
*c*,*) echo_n=-n echo_c= ;;
*) echo_n= echo_c='\c' ;;
esac
parse_server_arguments() {
for arg do
case "$arg" in
--basedir=*) basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir_set"; then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
;;
--datadir=*) datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
datadir_set=1
;;
--pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
--service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
esac
done
}
wait_for_pid () {
verb="$1" # created | removed
pid="$2" # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.
i=0
avoid_race_condition="by checking again"
while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do
case "$verb" in
'created')
# wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
;;
'removed')
# wait for this PID-file to disappear
test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
;;
*)
echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
exit 1
;;
esac
# if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
if test -n "$pid"; then
if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
: # the server still runs
else
# The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.
if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
avoid_race_condition=""
continue # Check again.
fi
# there's nothing that will affect the file.
log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
return 1 # not waiting any more.
fi
fi
echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
i=`expr $i + 1`
sleep 1
done
if test -z "$i" ; then
log_success_msg
return 0
else
log_failure_msg
return 1
fi
}
# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
if test -x ./bin/my_print_defaults
then
print_defaults="./bin/my_print_defaults"
elif test -x $bindir/my_print_defaults
then
print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
elif test -x $bindir/mysql_print_defaults
then
print_defaults="$bindir/mysql_print_defaults"
else
# Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
conf=/etc/my.cnf
print_defaults=
if test -r $conf
then
subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`
for d in $dirs
do
d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ ]//g'`
if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
then
print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
break
fi
if test -x "$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults"
then
print_defaults="$d/bin/mysql_print_defaults"
break
fi
done
fi
# Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi
#
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'. If there is no defaults file there
# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
#
extra_args=""
if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
then
extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
else
if test -r "$datadir/my.cnf"
then
extra_args="-e $datadir/my.cnf"
fi
fi
parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`
#
# Set pid file if not given
#
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
else
case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
/* ) ;;
* ) mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
esac
fi
case "$mode" in
'start')
# Start daemon
# Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
cd $basedir
echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
then
# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
# may be overwritten at next upgrade.
$bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null 2>&1 &
wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
# Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
if test -w "$lockdir"
then
touch "$lock_file_path"
fi
exit $return_value
else
log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
fi
;;
'stop')
# Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
# root password.
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
then
echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
kill $mysqld_pid
# mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
fi
# Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
if test -f "$lock_file_path"
then
rm -f "$lock_file_path"
fi
exit $return_value
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
fi
;;
'restart')
# Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
# running or not, start it again.
if $0 stop $other_args; then
$0 start $other_args
else
log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
exit 1
fi
;;
'reload'|'force-reload')
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
exit 1
fi
;;
'status')
# First, check to see if pid file exists
if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then
log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
exit 0
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
exit 1
fi
else
# Try to find appropriate mysqld process
mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`
if test -z $mysqld_pid ; then
if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
exit 2
fi
log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
exit 3
else
log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
exit 4
fi
fi
;;
*)
# usage
basename=`basename "$0"`
echo "Usage: $basename {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
EOF
cat> /etc/my.cnf <<'EOF' #mysql配置文件
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
# Here follows entries for some specific programs
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 384M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
table_open_cache = 512
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
max_connections = 5000
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/log/mysql/slow.log
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
lower_case_table_names = 1
# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
#log-bin=mysql-bin
skip-name-resolve
# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
#server-id = 1
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin
#
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#binlog_format=mixed
# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:2000M;ibdata2:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4096M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 64M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
EOF
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /usr/bin
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
mkdir /var/lib/mysql
ln -s /tmp/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> /etc/profile
sleep 2
source /etc/profile
service mysqld start
sleep 5
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin && mysqladmin -uroot password 'mysql' #授权root用户的password
source /etc/profile
三、主从配置
1、这里验证主库有数据的情况，然后授权有复制权限的用户
mysql> create database db1; mysql> use db1 mysql> create table t1(id int, name varchar(12)); mysql> insert into t1 values(1, 'tom'), (2, 'jerry'), (3, 'jack'); mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'backuser'@'192.168.142.130' identified by 'mysqll'; mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to 'backuser'@'192.168.142.131' identified by 'mysql'; mysql> flush privileges;
2、修改各个数据库的配置文件后重启数据库
vi /etc/my.cnf #主库配置文件 server-id=1 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog-do-db=db1 binlog-ignore-db=mysql vi /etc/my.cnf #从库配置文件 server-id=2 #从库id不能和主库一样，其他从库往后面排 log-bin=relay-bin replicate-do-db=db1 #同步db1库 replicate-ignore-db=mysql #不会同步mysql库 read_only #只读 service mysqld restart
3、主库锁表备份，然后文件传给从库
mysql> flush tables with read lock; #主库锁表防止新的数据写入 mysql> show master status; #查看主库位置节点 新打开一个终端备份： mysqldump -u root -p --default-character-set=utf8 --opt -Q -R --skip-lock-tables db1 > /root/db1.sql scp /root/db1.sql root@192.168.142.130:/root scp /root/db1.sql root@192.168.142.130:/root
4、从库导入数据，然后change到主库的节点
mysql -u root -p mysql> create database db1; mysql> use db1 mysql> source /root/db1.sql mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.142.129',master_user='backuser',master_password='mysql',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120; mysql> start slave; mysql> show slave status\G
5、主库解锁
mysql> unlock tables;
以上配置对主从不同步，重新配置主从同样适用。
四、主从不同步
1、造成不同步的原因
网络的延迟主从两台机器的负载不一致max_allowed_packet设置不一致key自增键开始的键值跟自增步长设置不一致引起的主从不一致mysql异常宕机情况下，如果未设置sync_binlog=1或者innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1很有可能
出现binlog或者relaylog文件出现损坏，导致主从不一致mysql本身的bug引起的主从不同步版本不一致，特别是高版本是主，低版本为从的情况下，主数据库上面支持的功能，从数据库上面不支持该功能
2、解决办法
（1）忽略错误后，继续同步
该方法适用于主从库数据相差不大，或者要求数据可以不完全统一的情况，数据要求不严格的情况
stop slave; set global sql_slave_skip_counter =1; start slave; show slave status\G
（2）重新做主从
参考上面配置主库锁表重新做主从。
到此这篇关于mysql5.6主从搭建以及不同步问题详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关mysql主从搭建和不同步内容请搜索潘少俊衡以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持潘少俊衡！
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