详解MySQL主从复制实战 - 基于日志点的复制

基于日志点的复制

1、在主库与从库上建立专用的复制账号

MariaDB [employees]> create user 'repl'@'172.%' identified by '123456';

注意在生产上的密码必须依照相关规范以达到一定的密码强度, 并且规定在从库上的特定网段上才能访问主库

2、在主库与从库上授予复制权限

MariaDB [employees]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'172.%';

3、配置主库

注意启用二进制日志需要重启服务, 而server_id是一个动态参数, 可以结合命令行与配置文件以达到免重启的持久化配置. 注意server_id在集群中是唯一的.

[mysqld]
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin
log_bin_index = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin.index
binlog_format = row
server_id = 101

NOTE: 把日志与数据分开是个好习惯, 最好能放到不同的数据分区

4、配置从库

选项log_slave_update决定是否把中继日志relay_log存放到本机的binlog中, 如果是配置链路复制, 那么该选项必填. 注意server_id在集群中是唯一的.

[mysqld]
# replication
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin
log_bin_index = /var/log/mysql/mariadb-bin.index
server_id = 102
# slaves
relay_log    = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin
relay_log_index  = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin.index
relay_log_info_file  = /var/log/mysql/relay-bin.info
log_slave_updates = ON
read_only

5、初始化从库的数据

此处使用mysqldump在主库上进行备份, 在生产上建议大家用xtrabackup进行无锁的热备(基于innodb引擎).

备份主库上的employees数据库的数据

复制代码代码如下:
mysqldump --single-transaction --master-data=1 --triggers --routines --databases employees -u root -p >> backup.sql

将备份文件backup.sql通过scp或者docker volume卷挂载到从服务器上, 并且导入至从库中

mysql -u root -p < backup.sql

6、启动复制链路

现有master@172.20.0.2和slave@172.20.0.3, 并且已经通过mysqldump将数据同步至从库slave中. 现在在从服务器slave上配置复制链路

MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='master', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000029', MASTER_LOG_POS=516;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

在从库上启动复制链路

MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

7、在从库上检查slave状态

Slave_IO_Running与Slave_SQL_Running必须为YES, 如果出现错误须详细阅读Last_IO_Error或Last_SQL_Error的提示信息

MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
        Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
         Master_Host: master
         Master_User: repl
         Master_Port: 3306
        Connect_Retry: 60
       Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000029
     Read_Master_Log_Pos: 516
        Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000002
        Relay_Log_Pos: 539
    Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000029
       Slave_IO_Running: Yes
      Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
       Replicate_Do_DB:
     Replicate_Ignore_DB:
      Replicate_Do_Table:
    Replicate_Ignore_Table:
   Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
 Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
          Last_Errno: 0
          Last_Error:
         Skip_Counter: 0
     Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 516
       Relay_Log_Space: 831
       Until_Condition: None
        Until_Log_File:
        Until_Log_Pos: 0
      Master_SSL_Allowed: No
      Master_SSL_CA_File:
      Master_SSL_CA_Path:
       Master_SSL_Cert:
      Master_SSL_Cipher:
        Master_SSL_Key:
    Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
        Last_IO_Errno: 0
        Last_IO_Error:
        Last_SQL_Errno: 0
        Last_SQL_Error:
 Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
       Master_Server_Id: 101
        Master_SSL_Crl:
      Master_SSL_Crlpath:
          Using_Gtid: No
         Gtid_IO_Pos:
   Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids:
 Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids:
        Parallel_Mode: conservative
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

8、在主库检查dump线程

检测是否已经正确启动binlog dump线程

MariaDB [(none)]> show processlist \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   Id: 7
  User: root
  Host: 172.20.0.1:41868
   db: employees
 Command: Sleep
  Time: 56
  State:
  Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000
*************************** 2. row ***************************
   Id: 10
  User: repl
  Host: 172.20.0.3:45974
   db: NULL
 Command: Binlog Dump
  Time: 246
  State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
  Info: NULL
Progress: 0.000

可以看到row 2上有Command为Binlog Dump的命令被启动, 证明复制线程已经被成功启动

9、总结

优点