mac下安装和配置mongodb的步骤详解

MongoDB是什么

MongoDB是一个基于分布式文件存储的数据库。由C++语言编写。旨在为WEB应用提供可扩展的高性能数据存储解决方案。

他的特点:高性能、易部署、易使用，存储数据非常方便。

本文主要给大家介绍了在mac下安装和配置mongodb的步骤，分享出来供大家参考学习，下面话不多说，来一起看看详细的介绍：

备注：本文相关源码可在文末下载！

安装 mongodb

install 之前，iTerm2 下用 brew 查看已安装软件、搜索 mongodb：

brew list
brew search mongodb

安装 mongodb :

brew install mongodb

此处需要稍等一段时间，成功后会输出以下即说明安装成功：

$ brew install mongodb
Updating Homebrew...
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/mongodb-3.4.0.sierra.bottle.1.tar.gz
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring mongodb-3.4.0.sierra.bottle.1.tar.gz
==> Caveats
To have launchd start mongodb now and restart at login:
 brew services start mongodb
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
 mongod --config /usr/local/etc/mongod.conf
==> Summary
 /usr/local/Cellar/mongodb/3.4.0: 17 files, 261.4M

启动 mongodb

新建一个 iTerm2 窗口，执行 mongod 尝试启动 mongodb 但会失败 exiting：

$ mongod
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=1765 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=MacBook-Pro-2.local
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.4.0
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: f4240c60f005be757399042dc12f6addbc3170c1
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.2j 26 Sep 2016
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: system
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2017-06-12T15:51:49.810+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: {}
2017-06-12T15:51:49.811+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] exception in initAndListen: 29 Data directory /data/db not found., terminating
2017-06-12T15:51:49.811+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] shutdown: going to close listening sockets...
2017-06-12T15:51:49.811+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] shutdown: going to flush diaglog...
2017-06-12T15:51:49.811+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] now exiting
2017-06-12T15:51:49.811+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] shutting down with code:100

启动 mongodb 之前，要先新建一个mongodb默认的数据写入目录：

$ mkdir -p /data/db
mkdir: /data/db: Permission denied (没有权限拒绝访问)

// sudo 并输入密码，重新新建目录
$ sudo mkdir -p /data/db
Password:

给刚才新建的数据库目录赋予权限：

$ sudo chown -R guojc /data

此时，执行 mongod 启动 mongodb 服务：

$ mongod
2017-06-12T16:00:48.036+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=1837 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=MacBook-Pro-2.local
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.4.0
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: f4240c60f005be757399042dc12f6addbc3170c1
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.2j 26 Sep 2016
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: system
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] modules: none
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build environment:
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] distarch: x86_64
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] target_arch: x86_64
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: {}
2017-06-12T16:00:48.037+0800 I STORAGE [initandlisten] wiredtiger_open config: create,cache_size=3584M,session_max=20000,eviction=(threads_max=4),config_base=false,statistics=(fast),log=(enabled=true,archive=true,path=journal,compressor=snappy),file_manager=(close_idle_time=100000),checkpoint=(wait=60,log_size=2GB),statistics_log=(wait=0),
2017-06-12T16:00:48.616+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-06-12T16:00:48.616+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2017-06-12T16:00:48.616+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] **  Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2017-06-12T16:00:48.616+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-06-12T16:00:48.665+0800 I FTDC [initandlisten] Initializing full-time diagnostic data capture with directory '/data/db/diagnostic.data'
2017-06-12T16:00:48.741+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] build index on: admin.system.version properties: { v: 2, key: { version: 1 }, name: "incompatible_with_version_32", ns: "admin.system.version" }
2017-06-12T16:00:48.741+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] building index using bulk method; build may temporarily use up to 500 megabytes of RAM
2017-06-12T16:00:48.755+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] build index done. scanned 0 total records. 0 secs
2017-06-12T16:00:48.756+0800 I COMMAND [initandlisten] setting featureCompatibilityVersion to 3.4
2017-06-12T16:00:48.756+0800 I NETWORK [thread1] waiting for connections on port 27017

mongodb 启动成功，正等待着被连接。

新建 iTerm2 窗口，执行 mongo，进入 mongodb 命令行模式：

$ mongo
MongoDB shell version v3.4.0
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
MongoDB server version: 3.4.0
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.
For interactive help, type "help".
For more comprehensive documentation, see
 http://docs.mongodb.org/
Questions? Try the support group
 http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user
Server has startup warnings:
2017-06-12T16:00:48.616+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
2017-06-12T16:00:48.616+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: Access control is not enabled for the database.
2017-06-12T16:00:48.616+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] **  Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted.
2017-06-12T16:00:48.616+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
>

继续在上面的终端输入 show dbs,会列出系统自带的2个数据库：

> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
help

小结一下，往后要重新启动 mongodb 服务、进入 mongodb 命令行的操作：

在一个iTerm2窗口执行：mongod //MongoDB starting........waiting for connections

另一个iTerm2窗口执行：mongo //MongoDB shell

插入数据

首先，在电脑根目录下安装 node 的数据驱动库：

# guojc @ MacBook-Pro-2 in ~ [16:29:33] C:127
$ cnpm install mongodb

新建目录并编辑text.js文件: s3_mongodb/test.js:

var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
// 连接数据库
var url_test = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/test'; //数据库test本不存在，连接时会自动创建

var insertData = function(db){
 // 往test数据库里新建一个site集合，并插入一条数据
 db.collection('site').insertOne({name: 'guojc', age: 99, hobby: 'movie'}, function(err, result){
 console.log('inserted successly');
 console.log(result);
 db.close();
 console.log('close');
 });
}

MongoClient.connect(url_test, function(err, db) {
 console.log('Connected successly to server.');
 insertData(db);
});

新建 iTerm2 窗口，运行 test.js：

node test.js

成功后，来到之前执行过 mongo 的 MongoDB shell 窗口，执行：

> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
test 0.000GB
help

继续执行：选中数据库test、显示test中的表，查询该表的所有数据：

> use test
switched to db test

> show tables
site

> db.site.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("593e594ab4727b09349c33a6"), "name" : "guojc", "age" : 99, "hobby" : "movie" }

至此，mongodb的安装配置与基本启动就介绍完了。