Linux curl表单登录或提交与cookie使用详解

前言

本文主要讲解通过curl 实现表单提交登录。单独的表单提交与表单登录都差不多，因此就不单独说了。

说明：针对curl表单提交实现登录，不是所有网站都适用，原因是有些网站后台做了限制或有其他校验。我们不知道这些网站后台的限制或校验机制具体是什么，因此直接curl表单登录可能是不行的。

当然，如下案例是可以用curl登录的。

案例：LeanCloud登录

要求和结果

要求：通过curl登录后，能正常访问leancloud的应用页面。

登录页面链接如下：

1 https://leancloud.cn/dashboard/login.html#/signin

能正常访问如下页面：

1 https://leancloud.cn/dashboard/applist.html#/apps

浏览器访问效果：

无登录直接访问结果浏览器访问结果

上图红框 403 中的访问连接如下：

1 https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps

通过curl 验证是否登录

[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z ~]# curl -i https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: openresty
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2019 11:35:28 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Cache-Control: no-cache,no-store
Pragma: no-cache

{"code":1,"error":"User doesn't sign in."}

获取表单字段信息

获取表单提交链接

通过下图可得到表单提交的链接信息。具体如下：

1 https://leancloud.cn/1.1/signin

curl 表单登录并保存cookie信息

1 curl -v -c leancloud1.info -X POST -F 'email=yourname' -F 'password=yourpassword' https://leancloud.cn/1.1/signin
2 # 或则
3 curl -v -c leancloud3.info -X POST -d 'email=yourname&password=yourpassword' https://leancloud.cn/1.1/signin

查看cookie信息

[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# ll
total 32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 337 Jul 14 19:45 leancloud1.info
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 335 Jul 14 19:46 leancloud3.info
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# cat leancloud1.info 
# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
# http://curl.haxx.se/docs/http-cookies.html
# This file was generated by libcurl! Edit at your own risk.

#HttpOnly_leancloud.cn FALSE / TRUE 1563709522 uluru_user Ff1IPOiMX%2F6ipevuxy0OOg%3D%3D
leancloud.cn FALSE / TRUE 1563709522 XSRF-TOKEN 5647dc84bd6eaea37eca2d07ae0e401cca4ba76803989c8559XXXXX7283da
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# cat leancloud3.info 
# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
# http://curl.haxx.se/docs/http-cookies.html
# This file was generated by libcurl! Edit at your own risk.

#HttpOnly_leancloud.cn FALSE / TRUE 1563709591 uluru_user arTwQm6JylzLjBaQt7TpiQ%3D%3D
leancloud.cn FALSE / TRUE 1563709591 XSRF-TOKEN 751e12827c7c046408541bc1bf962b5912ac35b0d07f88120XXXXXX40704704

每列字段说明：

domain：创建并可以读取变量的域名。
flag：一个 TRUE/FALSE 值，表明给定域中的所有机器是否都可以访问该变量。此值由浏览器自动设置，具体取决于你为域设置的值。
path：变量在域中有效的路径。
secure：一个 TRUE/FALSE 值，表明是否需要与域的安全连接来访问变量。
expiration：该变量将过期的UNIX时间。UNIX时间定义为自1970年1月1日00:00:00 GMT开始的秒数。
name：变量名称
value：变量值

校验是否登录成功

直接访问和带有cookie访问，这两种访问方式，请对比查看。

直接访问

[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# curl -i https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: openresty
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2019 11:52:47 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Cache-Control: no-cache,no-store
Pragma: no-cache

{"code":1,"error":"User doesn't sign in."}

带有cookie文件的访问

# 使用cookie
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# curl -i -b leancloud1.info https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps 
## 或者
[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190714_02]# curl -i -b leancloud3.info https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2019 11:53:29 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Cache-Control: no-cache,no-store
Pragma: no-cache
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000

[{"app_domain":null,"description":null,"archive_status":0,"biz_type":"dev","master_key": ………………

复制浏览器的cookie访问

[root@iZ28xbsfvc4Z 20190720]# curl -i -H 'cookie: _ga=GA1.2.2055706705.1560005524; …………' https://leancloud.cn/1.1/clients/self/apps
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: openresty
Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2019 08:11:37 GMT
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Cache-Control: no-cache,no-store
Pragma: no-cache
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000

[{"app_domain":null,"description":null,"archive_status":0,"biz_type":"dev","master_key": ………………